GS 2 PYQ compilation and analysis from 2015 to 2024: When preparing for the UPSC CSE GS Paper 2, it’s crucial to first review previous years’ questions (GS 2 PYQ), particularly to understand the types and patterns of questions asked since 2015. To support this, we have compiled all the questions from 2015 to 2024 and organized them by topic areas, following the categorization that Mrunal Sir has outlined on his website. This will help candidates get a clear sense of recurring themes and focus areas.
Below, we have provided a list of UPSC previous years’ questions (PYQs) from 2015 to 2024, along with an analysis of these questions.
Table of Contents
(GS 2 PYQ) UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2024
1.Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to “one nation – one election” principle. (Answer in 150 words)
(Polity: Legislature & Elections)
2.Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals. Do they entertain civil as well as criminal cases? (Answer in 150 words)
(Polity: Bodies)
3.“The growth of cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy.” Elucidate. (Answer in 150 words)
(Polity: The Executive)
4.“The duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General is not merely to ensure the legality of expenditure but also its propriety.” Comment. (Answer in 150 words)
(Polity: Bodies)
5.Analyse the role of local bodies in providing good governance at the local level and bring out the pros and cons of merging rural and urban local bodies. (Answer in 150 words)
(Polity: Federalism & Local Governance)
6.Public charitable trusts have the potential to make India’s development more inclusive as they relate to certain vital public issues. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)
(Governance: Accountability & E-Gov)
7.Poverty and malnutrition create a vicious cycle, adversely affecting human capital formation. What steps can be taken to break the cycle? (Answer in 150 words)
(Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger)
8.The Doctrine of Democratic Governance makes it necessary that the public perception of the integrity and commitment of civil servants becomes absolutely positive. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)
(Governance: Civil Services)
9.“The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China’s supply chain and as a strategy to counter China’s political and economic dominance.” Explain this statement with examples. (Answer in 150 words)
(IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but Affecting Interests)
10.Critically analyse India’s evolving diplomatic, economic, and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs), highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics. (Answer in 150 words)
(IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but Affecting Interests)
11.What are the aims and objectives of the recently enacted Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024? Does it cover University/State Education Board examinations? (Answer in 250 words)
(Welfare: Social Services: Education)
12.Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the constitution. Explain. In this context, discuss the law relating to DNA testing of a child in the womb to establish paternity. (Answer in 250 words)
(Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution)
13.What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to build trust between the Centre and States and strengthen federalism. (Answer in 250 words)
(Polity: Federalism & Local Governance)
14.Explain the reasons for the growth of Public Interest Litigation in India. Has it made the Indian Supreme Court the world’s most powerful judiciary? (Answer in 250 words)
(Polity: Separation of Powers)
15.Discuss India as a secular state and compare with the secular principles of the US constitution. (Answer in 250 words)
(Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution)
16.The Citizens’ Charter has been a landmark initiative in ensuring citizen-centric administration. But it is yet to reach its full potential. Identify the factors hindering its promise and suggest measures to overcome them. (Answer in 250 words)
(Governance: Accountability & E-Gov)
17.In a crucial domain like public healthcare, the Indian State should play a vital role to counter the adverse impacts of marketisation. Suggest measures to enhance public healthcare at the grassroots level. (Answer in 250 words)
(Welfare: Social Services: Health)
18.e-Governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in service delivery but also about ensuring transparency and accountability. Evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e-governance. (Answer in 250 words)
(Governance: Accountability & E-Gov)
19.‘Terrorism has become a significant threat to global peace and security.’ Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) and its associated bodies in addressing and mitigating this threat internationally. (Answer in 250 words)
(IR/Diplomacy: Institutions, Groupings, Agreements)
20.Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Maldives for India, focusing on global trade and energy flows. Also, discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition. (Answer in 250 words)
(IR/Diplomacy: Neighbors)
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2024
Block-1: Polity (9 Questions 110 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 2 Question 30 marks
2. The Executive: 1 Question 10 marks
3. Legislature & Elections: 1 Question 10 marks
4. Separation of Powers: 1 Question 15 marks
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 2 Questions 25 marks
6. Bodies: 2 Questions 20 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (3 Questions 40 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 1 Question 10 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 2 Questions 30 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related):
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 4 Questions 50 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups:
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 55 marks)
1. Neighbors:1 Question 15 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 2 Questions 25 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 1 Question 15 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2023
1.“Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy.” Comment. (Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution)
2.Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India. (Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution)
3.“The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment. (Polity: Federalism & Local governance)
4.Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty. (Polity: Legislature & Elections)
5.Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices. (Polity: Legislature & Elections)
6.The crucial aspect of the development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy. (Welfare: Social Services: Health, Edu, HRD)
7.Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multi-National Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions. (Polity: Bodies)
8.E-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency, and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features? (Governance: Accountability & E-Gov)
9.“Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO.” In the light of the above statement, point out the role of India in mitigating problems. (IR/Diplomacy: Institutions, Groupings, Agreements)
10.The Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India. (IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but affecting interests)
11.“The Construction of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society.” Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty. (Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution)
12.Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws. (Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution)
13.Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since the mid-1990s. (Polity: Federalism & Local governance)
14.Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India. (Welfare: Social Services: Health, Edu, HRD)
15.Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism? (Polity: Federalism & Local governance)
16.Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalization of the Indian Parliament? (Polity: Bodies)
17.“Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger)
18.Skill development programs have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement, analyze the linkages between education, skill, and employment. (Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger)
19.“The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well in India.” What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer. (IR/Diplomacy: Neighbors)
20.“Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos.” Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organization) in protecting the environment and enhancing maritime safety and security. (IR/Diplomacy: Institutions, Groupings, Agreements)
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2023
Block-1: Polity (11 Questions 135 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 4 Questions 50 marks
2. The Executive:
3. Legislature & Elections: 2 Questions 20 marks
4. Separation of Powers:
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 3 Questions 40 marks
6. Bodies: 2 Questions 25 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (4 Questions 55 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 2 Question 30 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 2 Questions 25 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related):
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 1 Questions 10 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 1 Questions 10 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups:
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 55 marks)
1. Neighbors:1 Question 15 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 1 Questions 15 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 2 Questions 25 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2022
1.“The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court.” Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws. (Block-1: Polity – Basics of Constitution)
2.“Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute.” Comment. (Block-1: Polity – Basics of Constitution)
3.To what extent, in your opinion, has the decentralisation of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots? (Block-1: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance)
4.Discuss the role of the Vice-Presidents of India as the chairman of the Rajya Sabha. (Block-1: Polity – Legislature & Elections)
5.Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. (Block-1: Polity – Bodies)
6.The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. (Block-2: Welfare – Sectoral Policies)
7.The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitization of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. (Block-2: Welfare – Social Services: Health, Education, HRD)
8.Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment. (Block-2: Welfare – Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger)
9.“India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.” Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement. (Block-4: IR/Diplomacy – Neighbors)
10.Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organization like SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organization? (Block-4: IR/Diplomacy – Institutions, Groupings, Agreements)
11.Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws. (Block-1: Polity – Legislature & Elections)
12.Discuss the essential conditions for the exercise of the legislative powers by a Governor. Discuss the legality of the re-promulgation of ordinances by the Governor without placing them before the Legislature. (Block-1: Polity – The Executive)
13.While the national political parties in India favor centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of state autonomy. Comment. (Block-1: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance)
14.Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are elected. (Block-1: Polity – The Executive)
15.Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. (Block-1: Polity – Legislature & Elections)
16.Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of society. Discuss. (Block-2: Welfare – Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger)
17.Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify your answer. (Block-2: Welfare – Policies & Schemes)
18.The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting an incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyse. (Block-2: Welfare – Social Services: Health, Education, HRD)
19.How will the 12U2 (India, Israel, UAE, and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? (Block-4: IR/Diplomacy – Not-Neighbors but affecting interests)
20.“Clean energy is the order of the day.” Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. (Block-4: IR/Diplomacy – Institutions, Groupings, Agreements)
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2022
Block-1: Polity (10 Questions 125 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 2 Question 20 marks
2. The Executive: 2 Questions 30 marks
3. Legislature & Elections: 3 Question 40 marks
4. Separation of Powers:
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 2 Questions 25 marks
6. Bodies: 1 Question 10 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (6 Questions 75 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 3 Question 40 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 2 Questions 25 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related): 1 Question 10 marks
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 0 Questions 0 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services :
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups:
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 45 marks)
1. Neighbors:1 Question 10 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 1 Question 15 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 2 Questions 20 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2021
1. ‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of ‘Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution
2. Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to ensure diversity, equity, and inclusiveness.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: The Executive
3. How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the states to improve their fiscal position?
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: Federalism & Local Governance
4. To what extent, in your view, is the Parliament able to ensure accountability of the executive in India?
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
5. “Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India.” Explain how business associations contribute to public policies.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Governance: Accountability & E-Governance
6. “Besides being a moral imperative of Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary pre-condition for sustainable development.” Analyze.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Welfare: Social Services—Health, Education, HRD
7. “‘Earn while you learn’ scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and skill training meaningful.” Comment.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Welfare: Social Services—Health, Education, HRD
8. Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty, and malnutrition be broken through microfinancing of women SHGs? Explain with examples.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Groups: Civil Services, NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups
9. “If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.” In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but affecting interests
10. “The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain.
• (150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but affecting interests
11. The jurisdiction of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) regarding lodging an FIR and conducting a probe within a particular state is being questioned by various States. However, the power of States to withhold consent to the CBI is not absolute. Explain with special reference to the federal character of India.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Federalism & Local Governance
12. Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Statutory and Regulatory Bodies
13. Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution
14. Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
15. Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
16. Has digital illiteracy, particularly in rural areas, coupled with a lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) accessibility hindered socio-economic development? Examine with justification.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Governance: Accountability & E-Governance
17. “Though women in post-Independent India have excelled in various fields, the social attitude towards women and feminist movements has been patriarchal.” Apart from women education and empowerment schemes, what interventions can help change this milieu?
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Welfare: Social Services—Health, Education, HRD
18. Can Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Groups: Civil Services, NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups
19. Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India?
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Institutions, Groupings, Agreements
20. The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario.
• (250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Institutions, Groupings, Agreements
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2021
Block-1: Polity (9 Questions 115 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 2 Question 25 marks
2. The Executive: 1 Question 10 marks
3. Legislature & Elections: 3 Question 40 marks
4. Separation of Powers:
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 2 Questions 25 marks
6. Bodies: 1 Question 15 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (3 Questions 35 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger:
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 3 Questions 35 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related):
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 2 Questions 25 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups: 2 Questions 25 marks
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 55 marks)
1. Neighbors:
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 2 Questions 25 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 2 Question 30 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2020
1. “There is a need for simplification of procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of Peoples Act.” Comment.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
2. “Recent amendments to the Right to Information Act will have a profound impact on the autonomy and independence of the Information Commission.” Discuss.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Governance: Accountability & E-Gov
3. How far do you think cooperation, competition, and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: Federalism & Local Governance
4. The judicial systems in India and the UK seem to be converging as well as diverging in recent times. Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the two nations in terms of their judicial practices.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution
5. “Once a speaker, Always a speaker!” Do you think the practice should be adopted to impart objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implications for the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India?
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
6. In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care policies are needed, particularly in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. Discuss.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Welfare: Social Services: Health, Edu, HRD
7. “Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance.” In this context, suggest reforms in the Civil Service for strengthening democracy.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Governance: Civil Services
8. “The emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated e-Governance as an integral part of government.” Discuss.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: Governance: Accountability & E-Gov
9. Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Global Groupings
10. “Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries.” Comment with examples.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Topic:IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but affecting interests
11. The Indian Constitution exhibits centralizing tendencies to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation. Elucidate in the perspective of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster Management Act, 2005, and recently passed Farm Acts.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Federalism & Local Governance
12. Judicial Legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of separation of powers as envisaged in the Indian Constitution. In this context, justify the filing of a large number of public interest petitions praying for issuing guidelines to executive authorities.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Separation of powers
13. The strength and sustenance of local institutions in India have shifted from their formative phase of ‘Functions, Functionaries and Funds’ to the contemporary stage of ‘Functionality.’ Highlight the critical challenges faced by local institutions in terms of their functionality in recent times.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Federalism & Local Governance
14. Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a ‘useless stepney tyre’ to the most useful supporting organ in the past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as the areas in which this transformation could be visible.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
15. Which steps are required for the constitutionalization of a commission? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the National Commission for Women would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Polity: Bodies
16. “The incidence and intensity of poverty are more important in determining poverty based on income alone.” In this context, analyze the latest United Nations Multidimensional Poverty Index Report.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Welfare: Poverty and Development
17. “Micro-Finance as an anti-poverty vaccine is aimed at asset creation and income security of the rural poor in India.” Evaluate the role of Self-Help Groups in achieving the twin objectives along with empowering women in rural India.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Groups: Civil Services, NGO, SHG, Pressure Groups
18. National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goal-4 (2030). It intends to restructure and reorient the education system in India. Critically examine the statement.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: Welfare: Social Services: Health, Edu, HRD
19. ‘Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD)’ is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times. Discuss.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Groupings
20. What is the significance of Indo-US defense deals over Indo-Russian defense deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region.
(250 words, 15 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but affecting interests
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2020
Block-1: Polity (9 Questions 115 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 1 Question 10 marks
2. The Executive:
3. Legislature & Elections: 3 Questions 35 marks
4. Separation of Powers: 1 Question 15 marks
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 3 Questions 40 marks
6. Bodies: 1 Question 15 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (3 Questions 40 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 1 Question 15 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 2 Questions 25 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related):
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 4 Questions 45 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 3 Questions 30 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups: 1 Question 15 marks
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 55 marks)
1. Neighbors:
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 2 Questions 30 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 2 Question 25 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2019
1. Do you think that the Constitution of India does not accept the principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of ‘checks and balances’? Explain. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Polity: Separation of Powers
2. “The Central Administration Tribunal, which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority.” Explain. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Polity: Bodies
3. What are the methods used by the farmers’ organizations to influence the policymakers in India, and how effective are these methods? (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Groups: Civil Services, NGO, SHG, Pressure Groups
4. From the resolution of contentious issues regarding the distribution of legislative powers by the courts, ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have emerged. Explain. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Polity: Federalism
5. What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism? (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution
6. Despite consistent experience of high growth, India still has some of the lowest indicators of human development. Examine the issues that make balanced and inclusive development elusive. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
7. There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on non-food essential items, squeezing their food budget. Elucidate. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
8. Implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) based projects/programmes usually suffers due to certain vital factors. Identify these factors and suggest measures for their effective implementation. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Governance: Accountability & E-Gov
9. “The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving a global and strategic partnership that will have great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.” Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Neighbors
10. “Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life.” Discuss the statement in the light of the US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body being ‘anti-Israel bias’. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Institutions, Groupings, Agreements
11. On what grounds can a people’s representative be disqualified under the Representation of People Act, 1951? Also, mention the remedies available to such a person against his disqualification. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
12. “Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution is a limited power, and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power.” In the light of this statement, explain whether Parliament under Article 368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution by expanding its amending power? (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Polity: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution
13. “The reservation of seats for women in the institutions of local self-government has had a limited impact on the patriarchal character of the Indian political process.” Comment. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Polity: Federalism & Local Governance
14. “The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India.” Discuss. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Polity: The Executive
15. Individual parliamentarians’ role as national lawmakers is declining, which in turn has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Polity: Legislature & Elections
16. “In the context of the neo-liberal paradigm of development planning, multi-level planning is expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages.” Discuss. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Governance: Accountability & E-Gov
17. The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent component of development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors and sets in motion a culture of ‘collaboration’ and ‘team spirit’. In light of the statements above, examine India’s development process. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Governance: Accountability & E-Gov
18. Performance of welfare schemes implemented for vulnerable sections is not effective due to the absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of the policy process. Discuss. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Welfare: Social Services: Health, Edu, HRD
19. “The long-sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalized nations has disappeared on account of its newfound role in the emerging global order.” Elaborate. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but Affecting Interests
20. “What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy that would satisfy India’s national self-esteem and ambitions.” Explain with suitable examples. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but Affecting Interests
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2019
Block-1: Polity (9 Questions 115 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 2 Question 25 marks
2. The Executive: 1 Question 15 marks
3. Legislature & Elections: 2 Questions 30 marks
4. Separation of Powers: 1 Question 10 marks
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 2 Questions 25 marks
6. Bodies: 1 Question 10 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (3 Questions 35 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 2 Questions 20 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 1 Question 15 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related):
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 3 Questions 40 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups: 1 Question 10 marks
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 55 marks)
1. Neighbors:1 Question 10 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 2 Questions 30 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 1 Question 15 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2018
1. In the light of recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India to ensure the trustworthiness of elections in India? (10 marks)
Topic: Polity – Elections
2. Whether National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) can enforce the implementation of constitutional reservation for the Scheduled Castes in the religious minority institutions? Examine. (10 marks)
Topic: Polity – Welfare Schemes
3. Under what circumstances can the Financial Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force? (10 marks)
Topic: Polity – Basics of Constitution
4. Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimates Committee. (10 marks)
Topic: Polity – Legislature
5. “The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has a very vital role to play.” Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of his appointment as well as the range of powers he can exercise. (10 marks)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
6. “Policy contradictions among various competing sectors and stakeholders have resulted in inadequate protection and prevention of degradation to the environment.” Comment with relevant illustrations. (10 marks)
Topic: Welfare – Sectoral Policies
7. Appropriate local community level healthcare intervention is a prerequisite to achieve ‘Health for All’ in India. Explain. (10 marks)
Topic: Welfare – Social Services
8. E-governance is not only about the utilization of the power of new technology but also much about the critical importance of the ‘use value’ of information. Explain. (10 marks)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
9. “India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss. (10 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Not-Neighbors
10. A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India’s joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018. (10 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Institutions, Groupings
11. Whether the Supreme Court Judgement (July 2018) can settle the political tussle between the Lt. Governor and elected government of Delhi? Examine. (15 marks)
Topic: Polity – Separation of Powers
12. How far do you agree with the view that tribunals curtail the jurisdiction of ordinary courts? In view of the above, discuss the constitutional validity and competency of the tribunals in India. (15 marks)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
13. Indian and USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenets on which the two political systems are based. (15 marks)
Topic: Polity – Basics of Constitution
14. How is the Finance Commission of India constituted? What do you know about the terms of reference of the recently constituted Finance Commission? Discuss. (15 marks)
Topic: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance
15. Assess the importance of the Panchayat system in India as a part of local government. Apart from government grants, what sources can the Panchayats look for financing developmental projects? (15 marks)
Topic: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance
16. Multiplicity of various commissions for the vulnerable sections of society leads to problems of overlapping jurisdiction and duplication of functions. Is it better to merge all commissions into an umbrella Human Rights Commission? Argue your case. (15 marks)
Topic: Welfare – Policies & Schemes
17. How far do you agree with the view that the focus on the lack of availability of food as the main cause of hunger takes attention away from ineffective human development policies in India? (15 marks)
Topic: Welfare – Poverty & Hunger
18. The Citizen’s Charter is an ideal instrument of organizational transparency and accountability, but it has its own limitations. Identify the limitations and suggest measures for greater effectiveness of the Citizen’s Charters. (15 marks)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
19. What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of the ‘Trade War’, especially keeping in mind the interests of India? (15 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Institutions, Groupings
20. In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to its situation? (15 marks)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Neighbors
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2018
Block-1: Polity (9 Questions 115 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 2 Question 25 marks
2. The Executive:
3. Legislature & Elections: 2 Questions 20 marks
4. Separation of Powers: 1 Question 15 marks
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 2 Questions 30 marks
6. Bodies: 2 Questions 25 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (5 Questions 60 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 3 Question 40 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 1 Question 10 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related): 1 Question 10 marks
Block-3: Governance & Groups (2 Questions 25 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 2 Questions 25 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups:
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Neighbors:1 Question 15 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 1 Question 10 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 2 Questions 25 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2017
1. “The local self-government system in India has not proved to be an effective instrument of governance.” Critically examine the statement and give your views to improve the situation. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Federalism & Local Governance
2. Critically examine the Supreme Court’s judgment on ‘National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014’ with reference to the appointment of judges of higher judiciary in India. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: The Executive
3. ‘Simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will limit the amount of time and money spent in electioneering but it will reduce the government’s accountability to the people.’ Discuss. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Legislature & Elections
4. How do pressure groups influence the Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as more powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years? (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Groups: NGO, SHG, Pressure Groups
5. Discuss the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing accountability of the government to the people. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Bodies
6. ‘To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation, and hygiene needs, the identification of beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated outcomes.’ Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
7. Does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 ensure an effective mechanism for empowerment and inclusion of the intended beneficiaries in society? Discuss. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
8. Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
9. ‘China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia.’ In light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbor. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Neighbors
10. What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it. (10 marks, 150 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Institutions, Groupings, Agreements
11. Explain the salient features of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016. Do you think it is efficacious enough to remove the cascading effect of taxes and provide for a common national market for goods and services? (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution
12. Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgment of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution
13. The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding a joint session of the two houses of Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reasons thereof. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Legislature & Elections
14. To enhance the quality of democracy in India, the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful? (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Legislature & Elections
15. Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face in both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Groups: NGO, SHG, Pressure Groups
16. ‘The emergence of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the state from developmental activities.’ Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to promote the SHGs. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Groups: NGO, SHG, Pressure Groups
17. ‘Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India remain mere showpieces until and unless they are backed by political will.’ Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty alleviation programmes in India. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: Welfare: Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
18. Initially, Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality and effectiveness, which seems to be lacking in the present context. Do you agree with the view that drastic reforms are required in Civil Services? Comment. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic:Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services
19. The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian Countries. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but affecting interests
20. The Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in Southeast Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of the Indian Diaspora in Southeast Asia in this context. (15 marks, 250 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy: Not-Neighbors but affecting interests
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2017
Block-1: Polity (9 Questions 110 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 2 Question 30 marks
2. The Executive: 1 Question 10 marks
3. Legislature & Elections: 3 Questions 40 marks
4. Separation of Powers:
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 1 Question 10 marks
6. Bodies: 1 Question 10 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (3 Questions 40 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 4 Questions 45 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD):
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related):
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 1 Questions 15 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups: 3 Questions 40 marks
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 55 marks)
1. Neighbors:1 Question 10 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 2 Questions 30 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 1 Question 10 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2016
1. Discuss the essentials of the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act and anomalies, if any, that have led to recent reported conflicts between the elected representatives and the institution of the Lieutenant Governor in the administration of Delhi. Do you think that this will give rise to a new trend in the functioning of the Indian federal politics? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance
2.To what extent is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, bearing marginal note “temporary provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir”, temporary? Discuss the future prospects of this provision in the context of Indian polity. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Basics of Constitution
3.“The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transition which looks to be full of contradictions and paradoxes.” Discuss. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Legislature & Elections
4.Exercise of CAG’s powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and the States is derived from Article 149 of the Indian Constitution. Discuss whether audit of the Government’s policy implementation could amount to overstepping its own (CAG) jurisdiction. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
5.Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the ‘Preamble’. Are they defendable in the present circumstances? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Basics of Constitution
6.What was held in the Coelho case? In this context, can you say that judicial review is of key importance amongst the basic features of the Constitution? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Basics of Constitution
7.Did the Government of India Act, 1935 lay down a federal constitution? Discuss. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance
8.What is a quasi-judicial body? Explain with the help of concrete examples. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
9.Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Social Services: Health, Education, HRD
10.“In the Indian governance system, the role of non-state actors has been only marginal.” Critically examine this statement. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
11.“Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people’s participation in the governance system are inter-dependent.” Discuss their relationship in the context of India. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
12.In the integrity index of Transparency International, India stands very low. Discuss briefly the legal, political, social and cultural factors that have caused the decline of public morality in India. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
13.Has the Indian governmental system responded adequately to the demands of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization started in 1991? What can the government do to be responsive to this important change? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Sectoral Policies (Economy related)
14.“Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have hampered the process of socio-economic development in India.” Comment. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – NGO, SHG, Pressure Groups
15.Examine the main provisions of the National Child Policy and throw light on the status of its implementation. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
16.“Demographic Dividend in India will remain only theoretical unless our manpower becomes more educated, aware, skilled and creative.” What measures have been taken by the government to enhance the capacity of our population to be more productive and employable? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
17.“The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade in the era of globalization. But the Doha round of negotiations seem doomed due to differences between the developed and the developing countries.” Discuss in the Indian perspective. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Institutions, Groupings, Agreements
18.Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Not-Neighbors but affecting interests
19.“Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).” Explain with suitable examples. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Neighbors
20.What are the aims and objectives of the McBride Commission of the UNESCO? What is India’s position on these? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Institutions, Groupings, Agreements
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2016
Block-1: Polity (8 Questions 100 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution: 3 Questions 37.5 marks
2. The Executive:
3. Legislature & Elections: 1 Question 12.5 marks
4. Separation of Powers:
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 2 Questions 25 marks
6. Bodies: 2 Questions 25 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 2 Questions 25 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 1 Question 12.5 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related): 1 Question 12.5 marks
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 3 Questions 37.5 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups: 1 Question 12.5 marks
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Neighbors:1 Question 12.5 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests: 1 Questions 12.5 marks
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 2 Question 25 marks
UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2015
1.Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizen a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance
2.The concept of cooperative federalism has been increasingly emphasised in recent years. Highlight the drawbacks in the existing structure and extent to which cooperative federalism would answer the shortcomings. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance
3.In the absence of well-educated and organised local level government system, Panchayats and Samitis have remained mainly political institutions and not effective instrument of governance. Critically Discuss. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Federalism & Local Governance
4.Khap panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive and judiciary to set the things right in this regard. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
5.Resorting to ordinances has always raised concern on violation of the spirit of separation of power doctrine. While noting the rationales justifying the power to promulgate, analyse whether the decision of the Supreme Court on the issue has further facilitated resorting to this power. Should the power to promulgate the ordinances be repealed? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Separation of Powers
6.What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1966 through the recent ordinance promulgated by the President? How far will it improve India’s dispute resolution mechanism? Discuss. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
7.Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulation on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and judgments of the apex in this regard. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
8.Examine critically the recent changes in the rule governing foreign funding of NGOs under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 1976. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Polity – Bodies
9.The Self Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Program (SBLP), which is India’s own innovation, has proved to be one of the most effective poverty alleviation and women empowerment programmes. Elucidate. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
10.How can the role of NGOs be strengthened in India for development works relating to the protection of the Environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – Groups
11.The quality of higher education in India requires major improvement to make it internationally competitive. Do you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve the quality of technical and higher education in the country? Discuss. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Sectoral Policies (Economy related)
12.Public health system has limitations in providing universal health coverage. Do you think that the private sector can help in bridging the gap? What other viable alternatives do you suggest? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Social Services: Health, Edu, HRD
13.Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate a reduction in poverty over time. Do you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban and rural poverty indicators. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Welfare – Policies & Schemes, Poverty Hunger
14.In the light of the Satyam Scandal (2009), discuss the changes brought in corporate governance to ensure transparency and accountability. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
15.If the amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Protection Act 2011 tabled in the Parliament is passed, there may be no one left to protect. Critically Evaluate. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
16.For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory institutions remain independent and autonomous. Discuss in the light of experiences in the recent past. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: Governance – Accountability & E-Gov
17.Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically Examine. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Neighbors
18.Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in the UNSC. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Institutions, Groupings, Agreements
19.Project ‘Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of the Indian government to improve relationships with its neighbours. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Neighbors
20.Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India – Pakistan relations. To what extent could the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchange help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples. (12.5 marks, 200 words)
Topic: IR/Diplomacy – Neighbors
Analysis of UPSC GS Paper 2 Previous Years Question (PYQ) 2015
Block-1: Polity (8 Questions 100 marks)
1. Basics of Constitution & Comparing Constitution:
2. The Executive:
3. Legislature & Elections:
4. Separation of Powers: 1 Question 12.5 marks
5. Federalism & Local Governance: 3 Questions 37.5 marks
6. Bodies: 4 Questions 50 marks
Block-2: Welfare Schemes & Policies for Sectors, Services (4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Policies & Schemes, Poverty, Hunger: 2 Questions 25 marks
2. Social Services: Health, Education, Human Resource Development (HRD): 1 Questions 12.5 marks
3. Sectoral Policies (Economy-related): 1 Question 12.5 marks
Block-3: Governance & Groups ( 4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Governance: Accountability & E-Governance, Civil Services : 3 Questions 37.5 marks
2. Groups: NGOs, SHGs, Pressure Groups: 1 Question 12.5 marks
Block-4: International Relations (IR) & Diplomacy (4 Questions 50 marks)
1. Neighbors: 3 Questions 37.5 marks
2. Non-neighbors but Affecting Interests:
3. Institutions, Groupings, Agreements: 1 Question 12.5 marks
In conclusion, reviewing the previous years’ questions (PYQs) is an essential strategy for UPSC CSE GS Paper 2 preparation. By analyzing the GS 2 PYQ compilation from 2015 to 2024, candidates can identify patterns, key topics, and recurring themes that frequently appear in the exam. This targeted approach not only aids in understanding the exam’s structure but also enhances confidence and readiness.